The very first known covenant God made with a human was with his first known creation of a male human called Adam (and by extension the later created first known female human; Eve).
Genesis 2:7
“Then the Lord God formed a man [or Adam] from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.”
He commanded the newly created Adam to take care of and protect the garden he grew:
Genesis 2:8-15
“Now the Lord God had planted a garden in the east, in Eden…The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and take care of it. "
Genesis 2:16
“You are free to eat from any tree in the garden, but you must not eat from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil…”
God warned him if he did disobey him and ate this forbidden fruit he would die from eating it!
Genesis 2:17
“…for when you eat from it you will certainly die.”
This was the only fruit in the entire Garden Adam could not eat:
He could eat every other fruit growing on the trees in the garden; he could even eat the special fruit growing from the tree of life which would have the opposite effect on Adam if eaten instead of killing him it would let him live forever!
Genesis 2:22
“[if] He (Adam)…reach[es] out his hand and take[s some fruit]…from the tree of life and eat[s it],…[he will] live forever.”
Why their might have been other rules/laws God might have discussed at this time or a little later with Adam then Eve, this was the only known rule and main rule God commanded Adam to NOT do:
Main rule:
Do not eat the forbidden fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil!
That was the only known law at this time, otherwise Adam (and later Eve) were free to do anything they really liked in the Garden and eat any fruit growing on the trees in the garden they liked as well as have a direct physical relationship with their creator God in this garden.
The covenant (the sacred agreement) of the Garden of Eden was between Adam (then later Eve) and God and the agreement was this:
If Adam (and by extension his wife Eve) obeyed God by caring for the garden of Eden he made and did not eat the forbidden fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, then they were free to live in the garden and do and eat anything they wanted to while having a relationship with God in the garden; and if they eventually ate the special fruit from the tree of life they would then live forever with God! (Most likely God’s ultimate plan for them).
The Edenic covenant broken
However, one day Adam and Eve were near the middle of the garden where the tree of life and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil was, and a snake appeared and asked if God really said to them that they could not have any fruit from any tree in the garden (which was NOT what he said):
Genesis 3:1
“Now the serpent … said to the woman, ‘Did God really say, ‘You must not eat from any tree in the garden’ ? ’”
To which Eve correctly replied that this was not true; they could eat from any tree they wanted except this tree:
Genesis 3:2-3
“The woman said to the serpent, ‘We may eat fruit from the trees in the garden, but God did say, ‘You must not eat fruit from the tree that is in the middle of the garden, and you must not touch it, or you will die.' .' ”
But then the snake then told her (and Adam who was with Eve) that God lied to them about dying: eating the fruit would not kill her but would rather give her understanding like God in what is good and evil (thus why the name of the tree is the knowledge of good and evil).
Genesis 3:4-5
“' you will not certainly die,' the serpent said to the woman. 'For God knows that when you eat from it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.' “
The snake was trying to convince Eve that God was lying to them about dying from eating the fruit, but rather he did not want them to eat the fruit because if they did the fruit would allow them to discern what was good and evil and they would become knowledgeable as him.
And it worked: Eve began to believe the snake: what if God was holding out on them and lying to them? What was the knowledge of good and evil?
She looked at the fruit and looked at how pretty it was and saw their nothing wrong with it being eaten: why couldn’t she eat the fruit? If she did, she would know things God was obviously keeping hidden from them: so, she fell into temptation and grabbed some fruit from the tree and ate it:
Genesis 3:6
“When the woman saw that the fruit of the tree was good for food and pleasing to the eye, and also desirable for gaining wisdom, she took some and ate it.”
and gave some fruit to her husband: Adam, that also seemed to have been convinced (either by the conversation of his wife with the snake or from the fact his wife was now eating them and was being offered some) and ate the fruit:
Genesis 3:6
“...She also gave some to her husband, who was with her, and he ate it.”
Instantly after they ate the fruit they had immediate understanding that they did not seem to have had before; they saw the world in a new much deeper reality:
The fruit had given them just what the snake had said (and the name hinted) the knowledge of good and evil (deeper understanding/consciousness):
Genesis 3:7
“Then the eyes of both of them were opened (they were given understanding),…”
One of the first things they realized with this new understanding was that they were both naked: they were naked before this, but it did not bother them because they did not/could not understand it they were exposed:
Genesis 2:25
“Adam and his wife were both naked, and they felt no shame.”
Like the animals around them, it was all they ever knew and they did not really have the understanding to realize why it would be shameful being exposed. But after receiving a new understanding/consciousness of reality from eating the fruit; once they realized the fact, they were naked they were embarrassed and Adam and Eve tried to cover their bodies by sewing a covering made of fig leaves:
Genesis 3:7
“...and they realized they were naked; so they sewed fig leaves together and made coverings for themselves.”
Then they heard God walking in the garden coming towards them and hid:
Genesis 3:8
“Then the man and his wife heard the sound of the Lord God as he was walking in the garden in the cool of the day, and they hid from the Lord God among the trees of the garden.”
Then God called for Adam:
Genesis 3:9
“But the Lord God called to the man, ‘Where are you?’”
Adam answered God and told him he hid because he was naked and ashamed:
Genesis 3:10
“He answered, ‘I heard you in the garden, and I was afraid because I was naked; so I hid.’”
God knew he should not have know he was naked because he did not have the understanding to know: Either someone else told him with understanding or he had eaten the forbidden fruit and had gained this understanding:
Genesis 3:11
“And he said, ‘Who told you that you were naked? Have you eaten from the tree that I commanded you not to eat from?’”
Adam confessed he did, but he blamed his wife Eve for giving him the fruit and tempting him to eat it:
Genesis 3:12
“The man said, ‘The woman you put here with me—she gave me some fruit from the tree, and I ate it.’”
God was angry and asked Eve ,who should have also known better, why she gave her husband some of this forbidden fruit.
Genesis 3:13
“Then the Lord God said to the woman, ‘What is this you have done?’”
But Even said the serpent at the tree deceived her into eating the fruit:
Genesis 3:13
“The woman said, ‘The serpent deceived me, and I ate.’”
Once God heard that the serpent deceived Eve and indirectly Adam, he began to punish all the offenders because whatever the cause Adam (and also Eve) had broken his main law and his Edenic covenant; so now he would punish the serpent for tricking Eve and indirectly Adam with a curse:
Genesis 3:14
“So the Lord God said to the serpent, ‘Because you have done this,Cursed are you…’”
Then he punished Eve for eating the forbidden fruit and temping her husband Adam by making her birth pains very painful and by being oppressed or ruled over by her husband Adam:
Genesis 3:16
“To the woman he said,‘I will make your pains in childbearing very severe; with painful labor you will give birth to children. Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you.’”
And finally he cursed Adam: the original human he made the covenant with; he cursed him with hard work sweating and getting tired in the future to farm food with thistles and weeds instead of living in the paradise of Eden picking fruit from trees.
Genesis 3:17-19
“To Adam he said, ‘Because you listened to your wife and ate fruit from the tree about which I commanded you, ‘You must not eat from it,’ Cursed is the ground because of you; through painful toil you will eat food from it all the days of your life. It will produce thorns and thistles for you, and you will eat the plants of the field. By the sweat of your brow you will eat your food until you return to the ground, since from it you were taken; for dust you are and to dust you will return.’”
Then he finally punished him with what he warned him about originally: for eating the forbidden fruit he would die from it(called returning to the ground here because this is what happens to the body at death):
Genesis 3:19
“...you will eat your food until you return to the ground, since from it you were taken; for dust you are and to dust you will return.”
They were especially forbidden to eat the fruit of the tree of life now that they had understanding of good and evil just like God had, he could not let them live forever in case they choose to do evil with their new knowledge:
Genesis 3:22
“And the Lord God said, ‘The man (Adam; and by extension Eve) has now become like…[me]…, knowing good and evil. He must not be allowed to reach out his hand and take also from the tree of life and eat, and live forever.’”
So done with cursing them for breaking his covenant he banished them permanently from the garden of Eden to live and grow food in the same soil that God had made Adam’s (and indirectly Eve’s) body out of; never to return to this paradise but instead to live in the land outside it struggling to survive in a cursed world:
Genesis 3:23-24
“So the Lord God banished him from the Garden of Eden to work the ground from which he had been taken.”
After he banished Adam and Eve from Eden, he sent Cheribums (Angels) to guard the boarders (east) of Eden so Adam or Eve ,nor any other human, would ever be able to enter the garden and eat the fruit of the tree of life and live forever:
Genesis 3:24
“After he drove the man out, he placed on the east side of the Garden of Eden cherubim and a flaming sword flashing back and forth to guard the way to the tree of life.”
The breaking of the Edenic covenant was the first known covenant between God and humans broken and it dramatically changed what could have been for the worst at the small ‘gain’ of some knowledge and understanding:
for the knowledge (understanding) of good and evil ,like God had, they got death, destruction, hardship, pain, sorrow, and especially banned from the paradise of the garden of Eden and the tree of life which could have let them live forever with God. And this not only would affect them, but all the entire world and all their descendants would share in the same curses all because they broke the law of not eating the forbidden fruit.